View source for Introduction of ATC and working Position

[[Category:Training]]

== Introduction ==
The Hong Kong Air Traffic Controllers are usually divided into Two Types which are Radar or Non-Radar Controllers.
Controllers are either Tower Controllers or Radar Controllers.
# Tower Controllers
# Radar Controllers.
Radar Controllers include Departures, Approach, Terminal, and Enroute Radar Positions

The Three Main Streams are:
# Tower Stream
# Approach Stream
# Enroute Stream

These terminologies will be further discussed in the [https://wiki.xe.ivao.aero/Category:Training#Specialized_Rating_Training_.28SPRAT.29 '''SPRAT'''] course regarding their [https://wiki.xe.ivao.aero/Areas-of-Responsibility Areas of Responsibility] (AOR)

== ATC Working Positions ==
Air traffic controllers in Hong Kong work in a team and their Position can mainly be divided into Tower Controllers and Radar Controllers.
In the Aerodrome Tower Environment, there are CDC,GMC,AMC,ZNC and FIS.
The normal Flow of an Aircraft Departs from an Aerodrome and Land in an Aerodrome is as follows:
This is an example of an aircraft departing VHHH
# Aircraft Contacts '''CDC''' for IFR clearance
# Aircraft Contacts '''GMC''' for Push back and Taxi clearance
# Aircraft Contacts '''AMC''' for Take off Clearance
# Aircraft Contacts '''DEP''' for Radar Services which includes Radar Identification and a Higher Altitude
# Aircraft Contacts '''EE''' for Radar Services, Higher Altitude and for radar separation if required
[[File:Handle outboundFLT.png|thumb|200px|Flow of Handling Outbound Flights]]

This is an example of an aircraft arriving VHHH from RCAA (Taiwan FIR)
[[File:Handle inboundFLT.png|thumb|200px|Flow of Handling Inbound Flights]]
# Aircraft Contacts '''EE''' for Radar Identification, STAR clearance
# Aircraft Contacts '''TMC''' for Flow control, Holding Patterns as aircraft approaches Hong Kong
# Aircraft Contacts '''APP''' for Sequencing, Radar Separation, Fine Speed Control, and Vectoring as Aircraft Enters APP airspace.
# Aircraft Contacts '''FAD''' during 0200-1000, For Finer Sequence inside the Corridor of the APP Path
# Aircraft Contacts '''AMC''' for Clearance to Land
# Aircraft Contacts '''GMC''' for Clearance to taxi to Bay


=== Clearance Delivery Controller (CDC) ===
* Hours of Operation: H24
* Operational Hours: 1630-2330 , later absorbed by GMS	
* Primary Responsibilities: Issue IFR Clearance

=== Ground Movement Controller (GMC) ===
1. GMN
* Hours of Operation: H24	
* Primary Responsibilities: Ground Movement in designated Area 
2. GMS
* Hours of Operation: H24
* Primary Responsibilities: Ground Movement in designated Area 
3. GMM
* Hours of Operation: 00:00-16:00	
* Primary Responsibilities: Ground Movement in designated Area

=== Aerodrome Movement Controller (AMC) ===
1. AMN
* Hours of Operation: H24	
* Primary Responsibilities: Air Movement in designated Area 
When RWY 25R is in use, TWY A and TWY B between TWY A1 and up to and
including TWY A6 are delegated to AMN.<br>

2. AMS
* Hours of Operation: H24	
* Primary Responsibilities: Air Movement in designated Area 
On RWY 07R/25L, the area between the CAT II holding points and the runway at
K1 and K7 is delegated to AMS for the purpose of glide-path protection.

=== Zone Controller (ZNC) ===
* Hours of Operation: H24	
* Primary Responsibilities: non-IFR flight within CTR Zone
=== Flight Information Service (FIS) ===
* Hours of Operation: 0100-SS(Sunset)	
* Primary Responsibilities: FIS, a non-radar service to non-IFR in the Uncontrolled Aircraft Reporting Areas (UCARAs).
=== Terminal Controller (TMC) ===
1.TME Terminal East<br>
2.TMS Terminal South<br>
3.TMW Terminal West<br>
* Hours of Operation: H24<br>
Detail AOR and Sector Combine Read This...	<br>
* Primary Responsibilities: Their task is to stream arrivals from TR sectors into an orderly flow to APP in accordance with relevant instructions from FLC.<br>

=== Enroute Executive (EE) ===
#  TRE
#  TRK
#  TRS
#  TRC
# TRV
#  TRW
* Hours of Operation: H24
* Primary Responsibilities: ensure aircraft are maintaining the level assigned by the sector Planner before leaving Hong Kong FIR. Any change in the assigned level must be approved by the sector Planner to ensure accurate transfer data to adjacent ACC/ATCU

=== Planner (PLN) ===
* Hours of Operation: Depend on Traffic
* Primary Responsibilities: Manage his/her respective sector by carefully planning traffic flow for EE taking  by taking  account to equipment status, weather situation, airspace restrictions
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Positions !! Frequency (MHz)
|-
| CDC || 122.15
|-
| GMN || 121.6
|-
| GMS || 122.55
|-
| AMN || 118.2
|-
| AMS || 118.4
|-
| ZNC || 120.6
|-
| FIS || 121.0
|-
| DEP || 123.8
|-
| DEH || 122.0
|-
| APP || 119.1
|-
| FAD || 119.5
|}
Note:
* '''CDC''' previously used 121.9 but recently Changed to new frequency [https://www.ais.gov.hk/HKAIP/supp/13-20.pdf AIP SUPP 13/20] WEF 200910
* ATC Frequencies  
**For Enroute (HKAIP ENR 6.7 Hong Kong ATC Sector Boundaries Chart) 
**For Aerodrome (HKAIP AD 2.18 ATS COMMUNICATION FACILITIES)

== Air Traffic Management (ATM) and scopes ==
[[File:Atm-scope.png]]

The objectives of ATS, as stated in [https://www.pilot18.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pilot18.com-ICAO-Annex-11-Air-Traffic-Services.pdf ICAO Annex 11], are to
# prevent collisions between aircraft;
#  prevent collisions between aircraft on the maneuvering area and obstructions on that area; note that this objective does not include the apron and ATS in general is not intended to prevent collision with terrain.
#  expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
#  provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;
#  notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organizations as required.


Air Traffic Control Service to accomplish objectives 1, 2 & 3 above and this service is divided into:
 a.	Area control service for objectives 1 & 3.
 b.	Approach control service for objectives 1 & 3.
 c.	Aerodrome control service for objectives 1, 2 & 3.
Flight Information Service to accomplish objective 4 above.
Alerting Service to accomplish objective 5 above.


The air traffic control (ATC) service is established to accomplish the first three objectives. While the first and third are universally applicable to all ATC units, the second one is only relevant to aerodrome control units. The fourth objective is covered by the flight information service (FIS) and the last one is the alerting service.

The advisory service has no specific objectives defined. It is considered a temporary measure to facilitate the smoother transition from FIS to ATC.

Air Traffic Management is the aggregation of the airborne and ground-based functions required to ensure the safe and efficient movement of aircraft during all phases of operations to enable aircraft operators to meet their planned times of departure and arrival and adhere to their preferred flight profiles with minimum constraints and without compromising agreed levels of safety.

'''Air Traffic Services (ATS)''', A generic term meaning air traffic control service which includes : 
  area control service
  approach control service and
  aerodrome control service
  air traffic advisory service   
  flight information service 
  alerting service

== Divisions of Airspace ==
Hong Kong's Division of Airspace in general divides into East, South, West Sector. The General Radar Sector Area and Vertical Limits are displayed in the diagram  The detailed [[Areas-of-Responsibility]] that will be discussed in later chapters.

[[File:Division of-airspace.png|thumb|200px|Divisions of Airspace with Sector Limits]]

== See Also ==
[[Abbreviations]]
== External links ==
[https://ais.gov.hk/ HKAIS]

[https://aishk.000webhostapp.com/ HKeAIP(Direct Link)]

[https://ssd.dhmi.gov.tr/PublishingImages/DOC%208400%20ICAO%20Abbreviations%20and%20Codes_Ninth%20Edition.pdf ICAO 8400 Abbreviations and Codes 9th Ed, 2016]

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