Difference between revisions of "How to VFR in Hong Kong"
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'''Weather condition 天氣狀況''' | '''Weather condition 天氣狀況''' | ||
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Fixed wing > 1500m visibility | Fixed wing > 1500m visibility | ||
Helicopter >800m visibility | Helicopter >800m visibility |
Revision as of 15:44, 5 May 2020
Contents
What is VFR 甚麼是VFR
Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Using the VFR flight rules, the pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft.
目視飛行規則(VFR)是一組規則。根據該規則,飛行員便可以在足夠的天氣條件下操作飛機,以使飛行員能夠看到飛機的去向。使用目視飛行規則,飛行員必須能夠在能夠以目視看到地面並通過目視避開障礙物和其他飛機。
AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION 空域分類
Even if the sky may appear always the same, air traffic management requires the airspace to be divided in several classes, named by the first 7 alphabetic letters (A to G).
即使天空看起來都是一樣,空中交通管理也要求將空域劃分為幾個類別,並以前7個字母(A到G)命名。
CLASS C AIRSPACE C類空域
Class C airspace is a controlled airspace. In class C airspace, IFR and VFR flights are permitted.
所有航班均享有空中交通管制服務,使用儀表飛行規則的飛機會與其他使用儀表飛行規則的飛機和使用目視飛行規則的飛機分開。 使用目視飛行規則的飛機會與儀表飛行規則的飛機分開,並且會接收有關其他使用目視飛行規則的飛機其飛行的資訊。
Type of flight 飛行規則的類型 | Separation provided 會提供分隔 | Services provided 會提供的服務 | Speed limit 速度限制 | Radio Communication 無線電通訊 | ATC clearance ATC允許 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IFR |
Yes, between IFR and between IFR and VFR |
Air Traffic Control, Flight Information, Alerting |
No |
Continuous, two ways |
Required |
VFR |
Yes, between VFR and IFR. Only Traffic Information between VFR |
Air Traffic Control, Flight Information, Alerting |
250KT below 10000ft |
Continuous, two ways |
Required |
CLASS G AIRSPACE G類空域
Class G airspace is a non-controlled airspace. In class G airspace, IFR and VFR flights are permitted.
G類空域是不受到管制的空域。 在G類空域中,允許使用儀表飛行規則的飛機和使用目視飛行規則的飛機的飛行。
IFR and VFR flights are permitted and receive flight information service. 允許使用儀表飛行規則的飛機和使用目視飛行規則的飛機的飛機飛行並接受航班信息服務。
Type of flight 飛行規則的類型 | Separation provided 會提供分隔 | Services provided 會提供的服務 | Speed limit 速度限制 | Radio Communication 無線電通訊 | ATC clearance ATC允許 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IFR |
No separation |
Flight Information on request, Alerting |
250KT below 10000ft |
Continuous, two ways |
Not Required |
VFR |
No separation |
Flight Information on request, Alerting |
250KT below 10000ft |
Continuous, two ways |
Not Required |
A non-controlled airspace is not equal to airspace without air traffic controllers.
非管制空域不等於沒有空中交通管制員的空域。
Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) 目視氣象條件
Except when operating as a special VFR flight, all VFR flights shall be conducted in VMC conditions of visibility and distance from clouds equal to or greater than the minima presented in the table described in the VFR Minima documentation.
除了在特殊目視飛行規則的操作外,所有使用目視飛行規則的飛行均應在目視氣象條件的能見度和距雲的距離等於或大於目視飛行規則最低的要求所描述的條件下進行。
VFR minima 目視飛行規則的最低天氣要求
VFR minima are the minimum weather requirements in order to perform a VFR flight. These minima are applicable in the following altitude and airspace classes. The parameters to take into account are visibility and minimum distances from clouds.
目視飛行規則的最低天氣要求是執行目視飛行規則飛行的最低天氣要求。 這些最低天氣要求適用於以下高度和空域類別。 要考慮的是能見度和距雲要求的最短距離。
VFR MINIMA TABLE 目視飛行規則的最低天氣要求表
Altitude band 海拔 | Airspace class 空域分類 | Minimum flight visibility 最低的飛行能見度 | Minimum distance from clouds 距雲的最短距離 |
---|---|---|---|
At or below 900m or 3000ft AMSL or, 300m or 1000ft above terrain, whichever is the higher |
A, B, C, D, E |
5km |
1500 m horizontally 300m or 1000ft vertically |
At or below 900m or 3000ft AMSL or, 300m or 1000ft above terrain, whichever is the higher |
F,G |
5km (*) |
Clear of cloud and with the surface in sight |
- Where flight visibility has been reduced to not less than 1500m, flights may be permitted at speeds that give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision.
- Helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1500m flight visibility if they can observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid collision.
- 如果飛行能見度已降低至不少於1500m,則可以繼續飛行,該速度應給予足夠的機會觀察其他的飛行器或任何障礙物,以免發生碰撞。
- 如果直升機能夠及時觀察其他飛行器的情況和任何障礙物以避免碰撞,則可以允許其在小於1500米的飛行能見度內操作。
VFR flights during daylight hours may be approved 可以在日間使用目視飛行規則飛行
- within the Hong Kong ATZ providing the weather observation at Hong Kong International Airport shows a visibility of at least 5 km and a cloud ceiling of not less than 1500ft
- within the Hong Kong CTR providing the weather conditions on the intended track of the aircraft are a visibility of at least 5 km and a cloud ceiling of not less than 1500ft
- 在香港機場交通區內提供香港國際機場的天氣觀測顯示能見度至少為5公里,雲層高度不少於1500英尺
- 在香港的控制區內,能提供飛機預期航蹟的天氣情況的能見度至少為5公里,雲層的頂層高度不得低於1500英尺
Special VFR (SVFR) 特殊目視飛行規則
Below VMC minima (not VFR anymore) In Instrument Meteorological Conditions In a control zone (or at night)
低於目視飛行規則最低限度 (不再是目視飛行規則) 在儀表氣象條件當中 為處於管制區內 (或在夜晚)
Weather condition 天氣狀況
Fixed wing > 1500m visibility Helicopter >800m visibility Clear of cloud and insight of the surface
定翼機 能見度高於1500米 直升機 能見度高於800米 在雲外並能夠看見地面